http://educ.queensu.ca/~science/
- Complete list of the major concepts involved in teaching Science in the Secondary Classroom. The concepts are divided into Biology, Chemistry, Physics and General Science. Each major concept is listed and linked to its list of Concept Development, Demos, Tips and Labs/Activites.
http://www.scienceinquiry.com/
- Commercial books and videotape that teaches science through the use of discrepant event demonstrations and activities. These are demonstrations that have very unexpected results, causing those observing to ask questions that will eventually lead them to the understanding of the science concepts being presented. Several free examples are available.
http://www.eduweb.com/adventure.html#science
- Search of the Ways of Knowing Trail; Be a Spacecraft Engineer; Build-A-Prairie; CosmicQuest; Geo Mysteries; The Children's Museum of Indianapolis; The Watershed Game; Who's Out There? A Space Science Adventure; Digital Lab: Observing a Coral Reef; Tiger Adventures and Activities; Amazon Interactive.
http://www.psrc-online.org/curriculum/book.html
- Review and critique of physical science in Middle School science textbooks with regard to the scientific accuracy, adherence to an accurate portrayal of the scientific approach, and the appropriateness and pedagogic effectiveness of the material presented for the particular grade level.
http://www.frontiernet.net/~imaging/play_a_piano.html
- Play a piano is an interactive Web site where students can play a piano
using the mouse or the computer keyboard. The frequency of each note (in Hz or cycles per
second) and its waveform and envelope are displayed. Helps students understand the relationship
between the sounds, music theory, musical scales, and
the underlying math and physics of how sounds are produced
and perceived.
http://www.ScienceMaster.com
- ScienceMaster.com is a science/education portal for students and
teachers. We provide news, information, links, columns, and homework
help. Focus - 6-12 graders.
http://www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/pams/science_house/learn/index.html
- Solvents Outreach;
Laboratories from the EMPOWER and Rural Schools Project;
Countertop Chemistry;
EarthCycle Activities;
Astronomy in the Classroom Curriculum Guide;
Physics in the Classroom Curriculum Guide;
The Science of Sports Activities;
The Science of Flight Activities;
Chaos and Fractals Activities;
A Myriad of Demonstrations Using a Van de Graaff Generator;
Schools Are For Fish.
http://dwb.unl.edu/calculators/
- High school chemistry-math activities; science-math activities; calculator help; CBL help;
calculator programs.
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/index.html
- Reasonable answers to puzzling questions:
Why do wet things look darker than dry things?
Why do bubbles stream from fixed spots in glasses of beer or soda pop?
Is the earth getting heavier or lighter?
How do scientists go about calculating pi to umpteen decimal places?
If you lit a match in zero gravity, would it smother in its own smoke?
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/mathscience/funexperiments/agesubject/middleschool.html
- Science lessons by Southeastern Michigan Math-Science Learning Coalition.
Lessons by Subject, Alphabetical List of Lessons, Lessons by Age Group.
http://www.newscientist.com/lastword/
- Collection of everyday
science questions and answers drawn
from the pages of New Scientist, the
world's leading weekly science and
technology magazine. This archive contains over 600 questions
on scientific phenomena, with answers
provided by our readers.
http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/
- Extensive and excellent collection of original documents and links by
a Professor of Physics at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania.
Skepticism, Critiques of Pseudoscience, and Urban Legends.
Science and Religion.
Pseudoscience, Weird Science, Kookiness and Quackery.
Classic examples of mistakes in science. History and Philosophy of Science and Technology.
Humor, Satire, Parody.
Physics, Astronomy and other Sciences. Laboratory: Reports, Error Analysis. Etc.
http://www.sandlotscience.com/index.htm
- An interactive Guide to Optical
Illusions. Explore interactive optical
effects, illusions,
distortions, animations,
artwork, stories, Adobe®
PDF projects, games and
more. Choose a category
and start exploring over seventy-five
exhibits and activities.
http://facstaff.uww.edu/mccreadd/
- Why the Moon Looks Big at the Horizon
and Smaller When Higher Up. An explanation based on geometry and physiology.
http://www.phact.org/e/dennis.html
- Skeptical examination of the claims, made by an outfit called "Better World Technology"
that energy-creating, perpetual motion machines can be built to provide free energy.
http://www.enc.org/weblinks/dd/
- Each month the ENC selects and reviews 12 new and fascinating resources for math
and science--check here monthly for great links.
Archive of past months' picks.
http://www.nwrel.org/msec/pub.html
- The Inclusive Classroom: Mathematics and Science Instruction for Students with
Learning Disabilities; Science and Mathematics for All Students;
Inquiry Strategies for Science and Mathematics Learning. To view the Portable Document Format files (PDFs) on this site, download a free
Acrobat Reader from Adobe.
http://www.enc.org/focus/
- A magazine for classroom innovators striving to improve mathematics and science education.
http://WWW.BHS.BERKELEY.K12.CA.US/departments/science/integratedscience/index.html
- 9th and 10th grade units on ecology, physics, space science, energy. Some examples:
Paint lab (file size 129 kb; examines colors using tempera paints; includes explanation of differences between how computer monitors
and printers create colors). Sound lab (file size 162 kb; based on a old Golden State Exam coordinated science test, this lab
examines sound waves using simple, cheap materials). Waves lab (file size 47 kb; examines properties of waves in springs; we use 2
meter long spring about 2 cm wide). Cow eye lab (file size 46 kb; instructions for dissecting a cow eye with times for students to call
teacher over to show specified parts of eye). Examining Gases of Photosynthesis (file size 63 kb; elodea and BTB lab in which
student observe differences between aquatic plants growing in light and darkness).
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlongdist.php
- Determine the distance between two points on the earth given their latitudes and longitudes.
Links to a description to the math behind the calculation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/
- Based on the PBS series, discusses some of the more
important scientific discoveries that have happened in the last century. Complete with Shockwave learning games,
a made-for-the-Web game show, and comic-book style stories that show how some of these important discoveries came to be.
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/
- This project of the National Academy of Sciences is a series of case studies that identify and trace origins of important recent technological and medical advances. Each case
study reveals the crucial role played by basic science, the applications of which could not have been anticipated at the time the
original research was conducted.
http://www.iit.edu/~smile/index.html
- The SMILE program is designed to enhance the elementary and high school learning of Science and Mathematics through the use of the
phenomenological approach. Participants have been asked to create and publish a single concept lesson
plan. These lesson plans include the materials needed, a suggested strategy and expected outcomes. There are currently almost 800
lesson plans available.
http://www.ncsu.edu/sciencejunction
- The Science Junction is an interactive web site that promotes inquiry and provides resources to promote teaching in the context of
the National Science Education Standards. Activities and resources include: network science projects in which students collect data to help answer science questions; a "Game
Room" of science-based active games, a clearinghouse of online science education web resources and lesson plans; an interactive
discovery area of science ideas for kids to try; an online meeting place for novice and veteran science teachers to share ideas; a
"Collaborative Connections" database designed to help teachers find collaborators for classroom projects
http://www.mtsinai.org/pulmonary/books/scuba/welcome.htm
- On on-line book covering the concept of pressure, the four major gas laws as they apply to diving,
composition of air, changes in gas pressures with depth, ear and sinus squeeze, lung
barotrauma, air embolism, decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity,
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide toxicity, stress, hypothermia, hyperventilation, and
oxygen therapy.
http://www.enc.org/weblinks/
- The Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics and Science Education (ENC) is funded through a contract with the U. S.
Department of Education to provide K-12 teachers with a central source of information on mathematics and science curriculum materials.
http://www.spartechsoftware.com/reeko/
- Free science experiments for parents, teachers, and
children of all ages. Slick.
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/amateur/coolsci.html
- Great Big List of Various Cool Science Places.
http://bubbles.org/
- Everything about bubbles and bubble science activities.
http://www.mse.uiuc.edu/info/mse182/overheads.html
- Slide show from a college course: History of materials, Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, Electronic Materials, Composites.
http://www.psrc-online.org
- The Physical Sciences Resource Center is a project of the
American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) with financial
support from the Campaign for Physics. The PSRC provides teacher
resources for the entire spectrum of learners.
http://www.sfu.ca/aquascams/
- Hucksters and scam artists (and maybe even some sincere but ignorant individuals) are having
a field day promoting magnetic devices as a new form of snake oil to a North American public that is generally unable to distinguish science
from pseudoscience
http://www.omega.com/techref/
- Measurement instrument manufacturer's technical/engineering reference collection, dealing with the measurement of
Temperature, Pressure, Strain and Force, Flow and Level, pH and Conductivity/Environmental.
http://www1.umn.edu/ships/#modules
- One of the most exciting aspects of teaching science is conveying how science is done and
engaging students in the process of discovery for themselves. History of science is one of the best
resources for this. Here you have access to several ready-to-use curriculum modules
created by a group of Minnesota teachers
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/SEGway
- he Science Education Gateway (formerly SII) is a collaborative NASA
project which brings together the expertise of NASA scientists, science
museums, and K-12 educators to produce NASA science-based Earth
and space science curricula for classroom and public use via the World
Wide Web. SEGway materials are produced by teachers in locally-grown
collaborations with program staff at nearby partnering science museums.
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/miscon/miscon.html
- The complex and abstract nature of Science makes the subject difficult to understand. But
complexity is not the only reason that Science is hard. The subject is made much more
difficult by the presence of numerous, misleading "Science Myths." These Science Myths
circulate in the popular culture, are handed down from parents to children, and have
become so common and widespread that they even appear in science textbooks and are
taught as facts in elementary school.
http://www.sln.org/
- The Science Learning Network explores how telecomputing
can support inquiry-based
science education. Investigate "The
Unisys Prize" and the Public
Science Day 2000 program.
Learn how to exterminate "The
Millennium Bug." Go on a
"ZooWatch" or fly away with
"Flights of Inspiration."
Test the "pH Factor"...in
English, Chinese, or
Japanese! Meet teachers who
are "Wired@School."
http://www.sciencekits.com
- Rockville Creative Learning has a huge selection of science kits including chemistry
kits, electronic kits, robots, dinosaurs, crystal growing kits, models and so much more.
They also have activity kits, educational books and workbooks. Their Parenting Guides
section has books that can help you to become a better parent and includes a
selection of books for children with special needs. A great site for families!
http://www.csc.clpgh.org/
- Online Telerobot, The Magic of Flight,
Carnegie Science Academy
http://www.chias.org/
- The Nature Museum; Virtual Exhibit: The Laflin Building Nature Dioramas;
CAoS Club Live Science Demonstrations and Hands-on Science Activities;
Let's Talk Science! - Education Department;
Museum in the Classroom;
America Goes Back to School.
http://www.scienceadventures.org
- Online directory of organizations and centers
offering informal science learning opportunities. Science Adventures includes
over 1,200 science centers and museums, zoos, aviaries and aquariums, nature
centers, parks and reserves, and planetariums and observatories. Each entry in
the directory includes contact information and a description of both the on-site
and off-site programs offered to schools, classes, youth groups, teachers, and
families. The directory is searchable by type of center, by keyword, and by
geographic location.
http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/staff/blynds/Skymath.html
- This Web Page is designed for middle school mathematics teachers. It contains all of the information needed
for teachers to use the 15 classroom activities of SkyMath, including the module itself. We believe that it is an
effective and innovative way to present elements of the middle school mathematics curriculum.
http://www.ncsu.edu/imse/
- The IMSEnet web site contains
many annotated web links to the best science instructional materials on the World Wide Web for K-12
classroom instruction as well as a variety of K-12 interdisciplinary web resources. IMSEnet is developed by
the SERVIT Group, (Science Education Research in Visual Instructional Technology) at North Carolina State
University and is used in staff development and teacher training with both preservice and inservice K-12
science teachers.
http://www.forum.ncsu.edu/cgi-bin/netforum/sciteach/a/1
- The SciTeach web forum is a place where science teachers can share ideas, reflections and conversations on
teaching and implementation of technology in the classroom, while also providing support for each other as
members of an electronic professional community. An area of the SciTeach forum has been designated for
use exclusively for preservice science teachers. Student teachers are encouraged to use this area to speak
freely about their experiences.
http://unr.edu/homepage/jcannon/ejse/ejse.html
- The Electronic Journal of Science Education is the first peer reviewed electronic journal of
its kind devoted to the timely sharing of science education information via the World Wide
Web. Using communications technology, information and research related to science
education issues, K-16, are addressed. All reviewing, editing, and publishing is done via
e-mail and the Web, allowing for both quality of product and increased speed and
availability to all readers free of charge.
http://www.imaginethatinc.com
- Extend is a dynamic, iconic simulation environment with a built-in
development system for extensibility. It enables you to simulate discrete event,
continuous, and combined discrete event/continuous processes and systems.
Virtually anything you could possibly imagine can easily be built by using Extend's
libraries of pre-built blocks. No programming is necessary; however, you may if
you so desire. Everything you need to for model building is here...the authoring
environment and development system are built right in!
http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons/mccandless/default.html
- In this unit, the students will explore some of the properties and processes of the cell
membrane including permeability, passive transport, equilibrium, diffusion, osmosis,
cell tonicity and rates of diffusion. The students perform a number of laboratory
activities intended to lead them, through exploration and analysis, to a thorough
understanding of the importance of a cell membrane and the physical processes of
diffusion and osmosis.
The unit includes both teacher and student materials. Teacher materials include
background information, scheduling suggestions, preparation instructions, evaluation
keys, and a resource list. Student materials include a background reading sheet,
several exploratory activities with evaluation questions, a culminating experiment, and
a quiz.
http://www.thinkquest.org/
- An international project competition for students. Search their library of over 1000
student-created entries.
http://www.pkal.org/
- is an informal national alliance of
individuals, institutions, and organizations committed to
strengthening undergraduate science, mathematics, engineering,
and technology education.
http://www.luc.edu/schools/education/science/frame.htm
- Lesson Plans
and Activities
For
Elementary
K-8 Science. Astronomy, biology, chemistry. earth science, physics.
http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nstw/start.htm
-
The National Science & Technology Week (NSTW) program was once the main outreach campaign for the Special Projects Section to convey NSF's role in the informal education arena. The NSTW program served this purpose for 14 years, before the Section was charged with evaluating NSF's outreach efforts to more ably meet the challenges of the 21st century. Find Out Why was conceived and it is the appropriate vehicle that incorporates many aspects from NSTW and also replaces it, affording NSF the opportunity to extend its outreach efforts and impact that an on-going yearlong campaign can offer instead of the restrictions of a one-week celebration held annually.
http://web.mit.edu/invent/
- This MIT inventors site profiles a different creative innovator every week,
in breezy, picture-filled bios. The Invention Dimension series introduces
the world of inventors to students -- or anyone else interested -- and
helps paint a portrait of how their inventions have affected our lives. The
great names are here, from Benjamin Franklin and Eli Whitney to Thomas
Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. But so are the lesser-known
inventors -- geniuses such as Norbert Rillieux, the son of a black slave
and a white plantation owner who grew up to invent the sugar processing
evaporator.
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/sol/toolkits.html
- ready-made classroom activities developed by your colleagues, as
well as images, interactive tools, text, and other resources to help you build your own Internet-based
classroom resource.
http://www2.hawaii.edu/suremath/home.html
- An online "Journal of Modern Problem
Solving". These Web pages provide examples of problems solved using reliable
problem solving methods, discussion of the principles of reliable problem
solving and an evolving encyclopedia of solved problems in mathematics,
physics and chemistry. The main focus is on pre-college algebra.
http://teams.lacoe.edu/documentation/projects/projects.html
- TEAMS studio instructors design Internet projects to involve students in collaborative
activities that extend and enhance student understanding of the concepts they are teaching.
Take a look at our projects and get involved! Math, science, Integrated Ecology, etc.
http://explorer.scrtec.org/explorer/
- Explorer is a collection of educational resources (instructional software, lab
activities, lesson plans, student created materials ...) for K-12 mathematics and
science education. You may browse through mathematics and science education
curricula (we plan to expand to other curricula) or conduct searches that focus on
specific interests. Many resources are available in the Adobe Acrobat format that is
readable by Macintosh, Windows and other OSs.
http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/
- PBS TeacherSource - a service of the Public Broadcasting Service and participating public television stations -
offers information about programs from the PBS National Program Service schedule with extended videotaping
rights for pre K-12 educators in the United States. These programs, while originally designed for the general
audience, have curriculum applications and are often used by teachers in the classroom. PBS TeacherSource
seeks to reach U.S. teachers with valuable program information, as well as
- cross-curricular applications, teacher resources, video offers and links to related resources on the Internet.
http://chem.lapeer.org/
- Labs and demonstrations for chemistry, biology, physics.
http://sami.lanl.gov/
- SAMI is a clearing house of resources, funding, and curriculum for rural math and science teachers.
http://integratingtheinternet.com/
-
Use this page to find primary resources, projects, a weekly newsletter, units of study, and a tutorial to help you plan
projects and class homepages. Tales from the Electronic Frontier Stories of how teachers use the Internet
to enhance Math and Science learning.
http://www.studyworksonline.com/
- Commercial integrated science and math toolkit software
for high school and
college students!
http://www.uky.edu/~holler/msc/scioutln.html
- The first semester of a two-semester multidisciplinary course on the origin, nature, and evolution of the universe.
This course explores the relationships among astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics in historical,
cultural, and environmental contexts. Student activities and experiments.
http://www.mcrel.org/resources/links/science.asp
-
Earth & Space, General Science Resources, Life Sciences,
Physical Sciences, Science & Technology.
http://www.rbs.org/index.shtml
- Consortium supporting systemic school reform in Maryland, Delaware, the
District of Columbia, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
http://whyfiles.org/
- The Why Files, a product of the National Institute for Science Education,
is an effort to illuminate the science, math and technology that lurk
such issues as diet and blindness, the hunt for cosmic neutrinos, ancient
life in amber and the pros and cons of electric cars. It also features
cool science images and science-related sports information. The page is
for the curious, students and teachers. We hope to inspire people to see
science as a process that is important to everybody.
http://www.sitesforteachers.com/
- Lesson Plans For A Variety of Science Topics;
Ideas And Activities; Resources For Teaching Science;
Space And Astronomy Resources; Online Science Museums and Exhibits;
Major Science Education Organizations. (Drs. Vicki F. Sharp and Richard M.
Sharp, Professors of Elementary
Education at California State University, Northridge.)
http://www.umr.edu/~gbert/probsolv.html
- Brief paper on problem-solving techniques.
http://www.ingenta.com/
- Since acquiring UnCover in 2000, ingenta has been working to integrate the two databases in order to provide
you with a more comprehensive and easy-to-use service. Now live, the integrated service offers free searching and browsing of more than 25,000 publications with 11,000
titles that were not available in UnCover. In addition, we have introduced a number of new services, while
keeping those that you found useful in UnCover.
http://horizon.unc.edu/
- Horizon's mission is
to inform educators about the challenges that
they will face in a changing world and steps
they can take to meet these challenges. We
strive to accomplish this mission by using the
HORIZON site in conjuction with OTH On-Line
(the on-line version of the print publication, On
The Horizon), the HORIZON mailing list,
seminars and workshops, conferences, and
presentations to explore and extend our
thinking as an educational community about the
implications of a rapidly changing world and
what we can do to make educational
organizations and programs more effective in
the future.
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/
-
Windows to the Universe is a user-friendly learning system on the Earth and Space Sciences for the use of
the general public. The objective of this project, funded by NASA, is to develop an innovative and engaging
Web-site that spans the Earth and Space sciences. Our goal is to build a site that includes a rich array of
documents, including images, movies, animations, and data sets, that explore the Earth and space sciences
and the historical and cultural ties between science, exploration, and the human experience. Our site is being
developed with the goal of being appropriate for use in museums and libraries, and to be a resource for
students in their studies of the Earth and space sciences.
http://www.sciam.com/
- Yep, it's the famous magazine's Web site, with Quick Article
Summaries; Selected Articles; News and Analysis;
Reviews and Commentary; 50, 100 and 150 Years Ago,
on-line exhibits; Ask the Experts; Interviews; Letters to the Editors.
http://www.aimsedu.org/
-
AIMS is the acronym for "Activities Integrating Mathematics and Science." The mission of
the AIMS Education Foundation is to enrich the education of students in K-9 through
hands-on activities that integrate mathematics, science, and other disciplines. AIMS
implements the recommendations put forth in reform documents such as Science for All
Americans (American Association for the Advancement of Science), Curriculum and
Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics) and the National Science Education Standards (National Research Council of
the National Academy of Sciences.) AIMS is nationally recognized for its leadership in
developing an integrated science/mathematics curriculum. What's New!; About the AIMS Magazine; Online AIMS Workshop Information; Online AIMS Catalog; Online Discussion Area; Mathematics History; Puzzle Corner
http://ericir.syr.edu/cgi-bin/res.cgi/Subjects/Science
-
Agriculture,
Animals,
Biology,
Botany,
Chemistry,
Engineering,
Entomology,
Environmental Education,
Genetics,
Geology,
Inventors,
Meteorology,
Oceanography,
Paleontology,
Physics,
Space Sciences.
http://billnye.com/
- Web site for one of the most popular science guys on television, Bill
Nye. Activities, links to information about the latest episodes, and more.
http://www.enc.org/
-
The Digital Curriculum Laboratory (DCL), ENC's online component, is a
comprehensive Internet site for math and science education. It is
designed to assist teachers in locating instructional and other
educational resources. The DCL includes links to Internet resources for
science and math teaching as well as the ENC Catalog of Curriculum
Resources.
http://infomine.ucr.edu/search/physcisearch.phtml
-
A showcase of highly relevant Internet/Web resources which include databases, electronic journals
and books, bulletin boards, listservs, online library card catalogs, articles and directories of
researchers, among many other types of information.
http://www.discover.com/
-
Selected articles from DISCOVER, the monthly magazine of science and
technology for the general reader.
http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/ELSI.html
-
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's ELSI in Science program is a pilot project designed to
stimulate discussions on the implications of selected areas of scientific research. These
modules probably will be most useful to educators and students at the middle school level.
However, older students may benefit from some of the information as well
http://sln.fi.edu:80/tfi/welcome.html
- We bring the exhibits,
resources, and fun of a museum visit right to your desktop. Visit our publications library, where you'll find other science news, activities, and
resources. Use our units of study to support your science curriculum. Sample
some interesting science programs and demonstrations. Find out what's new at The Franklin Institute by reading our monthly online
magazine for "inQuiring" minds: "inQuiry Almanack"
http://www.npr.org/about/transcripts/seriesedit.html#s&h
-
Special programs on PBS in the area of science and health. Frequently updated.
http://www.clp.berkeley.edu/CLP.html
-
This project is an on-going educational research effort is dedicated to
informing and improving middle school science instruction. CLP
Curriculum describes the middle school thermodynamics, light and sound
curriculum
http://www.sciencegems.com/
-
Listing of science teaching materials on the Internet using the
California Science Framework Categories. Resources are sorted by Category, Subcategory, and Grade Level
http://dev.nsta.org/ssc/
- Detailed explanations of the National Science
Education Content Standards, listings of
applicable concepts, laws, and theories, and materials
presented as Micro-Units designed to achieve the NSE
Standards offered for download and free use in your science
class.The individual science Micro-Units are arranged
within grade level by Content Standards and sub-topics of the NSES.
Student
Assessments to meet the National Science Education Standards
http://photo2.si.edu/
- The photographic resources of the Smithsonian available on picture pages.
Butterflies attracted to the National Museum of Natural
History's new Butterfly Habitat Garden; Science Defined by the Hands of a Book Artist;
Studying the Jungle Canopy in Panama; Dinosaur Hall; Green Sea Turtles nesting;
a Total Eclipse of the Sun; Information Age exhibit; Underwater photography;
photographs of objects in the National Museum of American History's exhibit
"It's A Material World: What Things Are Made of and Why"; and many more.
http://www.heartoftn.net/news.html
- This single Web page contains links to more than 200 newspapers who have
set up Web sites--worldwide.