As Hitler's fascist regime began to take over Germany in 1933, Heartfield fled the country to Czechoslovakia where he continued to work. In 1934, he took part in an international caricature exhibition at the Prague art society, Manes. This exhibition began to cause diplomatic difficulties between the Czechs and Germany. Heartfield, given the troubled situation, was urged to move to Moscow yet decided to remain in Czechoslovakia.
In 1936, he participated in the international photo exhibition, again at Manes. In 1937, with Heartfield taking part in the exhibition 50 Years Manes, threatened to break off all diplomatic ties to Czechoslovakia causing some of Heartfield's works to be removed from the exhibition.
Feeling the effects of the turmoil that his presence had caused and fearing the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, Heartfield fled to England in 1938. His brother, Wieland, followed shortly after.
In 1939, however, Wieland was refused a Residence permit and Heartfield bid his brother and his family farewell as they left for the United States of America.
Later that year, Heartfield showed one of his more famous exhibitions, One Man's War against Hitler, at the Arcade Gallery in London.
With the second world war reaching full swing in 1940, John Heartfield was interned as an enemy for his German ancestry. He was held in the English internment camps in Lutton, Huyton, and York. While interned, he became acquainted with fellow German emigre Gertrud Fietz but he also became severely ill during this period.
In 1941, in celebration of his 50th birthday, the League of Culture honored Heartfield with an exhibition of his book jackets and photomontages. At the exhibition, Heartfield lectured on his methods of photomontage.
Over the next few years, with his health constantly in question, Heartfield found work in a variety of places including working as a free-lance cartoonist in 1943.
In 1945, Konrad Farner published John Heartfield. Photomontagen zur Zeitgeschichte or John Heartfield. Photomontages on Contemporary History.
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Heartfield's Easter Escape (wav file)
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