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Maryland's Baroque Music

WYPR's (FM 88.1) Broadcast of Aaron Henkin's interview (01/21/05) with Dr. Gene Griswold on The Signal.

While listening to the musical excerpts below, keep in mind that this music was written by Rev. Thomas Bacon living on Maryland’s Eastern Shore (near Oxford, MD) in 1751, one year after Johann Sebastian Bach died in Leipzig and 8 years before Handel’s death in London in 1759.

Excerpt 1
Excerpt 2
Excerpt 3
Excerpt 4
Excerpt 5

Performers include Katie Cole – voice and flute; Jessica Stephen – flute; Dr. Gene Griswold – bassoon.

Maryland's Seven "Musical Firsts"

  1. the first known secular music composed in America occurred in Maryland
  2. the first known music society in America - see John Talley's important work, Secular Music of Colonial Annapolis, The Tuesday Club, 1745-56 (University of Illinois Press, 1988)
  3. the first music in America to have been written in the late Italian Baroque operatic style including overtures, arias, and recitatives occurred in Maryland
  4. the first music in America to have been written in Baroque trio-sonata texture using basso continuo and concertato features occurred in Maryland
  5. the first known philanthropic concerts given in America occurred in Maryland
  6. the first known use of an orchestra to accompany an opera occurred in Maryland
  7. the first known appearances of the bassoon and oboe in America occurred in Maryland

For lecture/performances on Maryland's Baroque Music or for information on ordering a CD of this music: contact Dr. H. Gene Griswold at griswold@towson.edu or call 410-321-1490.

Maryland's Baroque Composers
(as caricatured in Alexander Hamilton's History of the Ancient and Honorable Tuesday Club - c. 1755)

Thomas Bacon (1700? - 1768)  immigrated to Maryland in 1745 where he was  Rector of St. Peters Church in Talbot County.  Besides being a  gifted clergyman, violinist, and  composer, he was also a prolific writer with works published in Ireland, England, and America.  A noteworthy  humanitarian, he was one of the first Americans to advocate education for slaves.   He featured his own music in the first known philanthropic concerts performed in America.  These concerts were given in order to raise  funds for his  “Talbot County Charity School”, a racially integrated school “for maintaining and teaching poor children to read, write, and account.” 

 

Bacon also inaugurated a free school for black children in Frederick county where he lived his later life and where he authored colonial Maryland’s most important legal document, “Bacon’s Laws of Maryland” (online http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/ )  currently on display at the Walters Art Museum.

Alexander Hamilton (1712 - 1756) immigrated to Maryland in 1739.  A graduate of the University of Edinburgh, he was a medical doctor, musician, poet, political philosopher, social critic, dramatist, essayist, and active politician.   He had an apothecary shop in Annapolis and treated the poor as well as the rich.  During the summer of 1744 he departed on a 1624-mile journey for four months through Philadelphia, New York, and New England.  He kept a diary (Ininerarium) observing the manner, morals, and occupations of Americans in the mid-18th century, “one of the happiest combinations of liveliness, wit and instructive information written in colonial America.” 

 

“Loquacious Scribble” was the founder, secretary, and chief wit of the Tuesday Club.  His masterpiece is his fictional History of the Ancient and Honorable Tuesday Club which he began in 1754.  

 

In 1747 he married Margaret Dulaney,  daughter of wealthy landowner Daniel Dulaney.

William Thornton (d. 1769), sheriff of Anne Arundel County, he was designated as the composer of the “Grand Club Jig by Signor Proto musicus”.  According to Tuesday Club Records,  “on account of his uncommon talent in singing was appointed ‘Proto-musicus’ or chief musician con voce of the Club, and it is ordained, that as often as he votes in the Club, he is to Sing his vote in a musical manner, else it is to go for nothing. . he is not to perform upon any instrument but his melody is to be confined to the voice only.” 

 

Alexander Malcolm (1685 - 1763) [not shown]. Before immigrating to America, he published three major works on bookkeeping and arithmetic as well as an internationally known Treatise of Music (Edinburgh, 1721).  A flutist and violinist he was a prominent member of the Tuesday Club.  Late in life he became a clergyman and was was appointed rector of St. Anne’s Church (Annapolis) in 1749.

Towson Early Music Ensemble
as featured at the Maryland Early Music Festival
Maryland State House - April 2004

From left to right: Dr. Griswold (Bassoon); Kevin Rose (Keyboard); Jamie Moffet (Guitar); Jessica Stephen (Flute); Katie Cole (Voice and Flute)